College Level Research
Scholarly invites applications for LS 190 - Introduction to College-Level Research from students that have completed Grade IX. Students who have appeared for Grade IX final exam may also apply. In this course, students learn how to apply critical thinking to turn general curiosity about a topic into real knowledge, grounded in research and supported by evidence. Students will learn to ask the right kinds of questions, find credible sources, determine an author’s argument and effectively communicate a research topic. There are opportunities to work under highly qualified full-time college professors in the field of Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Material Science, Engineering, Psychology, Neuroscience and Economics.
College Level Research
Scholarly invites applications for LS 190 - Introduction to College-Level Research from students that have completed Grade IX. Students who have appeared for Grade IX final exam may also apply. In this course, students learn how to apply critical thinking to turn general curiosity about a topic into real knowledge, grounded in research and supported by evidence. Students will learn to ask the right kinds of questions, find credible sources, determine an author’s argument and effectively communicate a research topic. There are opportunities to work under highly qualified full-time college professors in the field of Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Material Science, Engineering, Psychology, Neuroscience and Economics.
Indicative Program Schedule
- Week 1 -2
Introduction to research methodologies, classroom sessions
- Week 3
Finalization of the research topic with professor
- Week 4-6
Data collection, literature review and initial submission to the professor
- Week 7
Final submission and/or presentation
- Week 9
Final grade by the professor
Featured Papers

Biology
Indian Flying Foxes as hosts of the Nipah virus in the Indian subcontinent.

Name of Scholar
Chaitra Barkam

About the Scholar
Chaitra Barkam is a student studying in Candor International School. This paper was written by her as a part of the fall Scholarly program: LS190 Introduction to College-Level Research in Biology. This course was instructed by Professor Ron Mumme from Allegheny College and covered topics like Darwinian Science, Evolutionary Biology and Natural Selection. Due to the student’s interest in Epidemiology and Evolution, she chose a geographically relevant topic about the Nipah virus and chose to explore bats as common hosts for this virus and many other zoonotic viruses. She enjoys learning Biology and likes spending time with animals, hence she chose a topic that merges the 2 disciplines and also acknowledges the human-animal conflict.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Ronald Mumme
B.S., University of South Florida; Ph.D., University of California (Berkeley)

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
The Nipah Virus (NiV) is on WHO’s list of most deadly zoonotic diseases. Known to originate from bats, the virus has been traces to Malaysia in the late 20th century. Over the past 20 years, outbreaks have been recorded in Malaysia, Bangladesh and India. In 2018, a large Nipah outbreak took over the state of Kerala in India and was suspected to start from local colonies of fruit bats. There was no official vaccine or standardized treatment protocol and the mortality rate for the NiV outbreaks ranged from 70-98%, making it highly deadly. As the virus is known to be originated from bats, this academic paper explores the virulence of the Nipah virus along with bats as evolutionary hosts of Nipah. The common fruit bat species Pteropus medius is associate with this virus and displays a range of immune responses that may be attributed to hosting many viruses without suffering high mortality rates like humans. These evolutionary trade-offs and other behaviours of this bats species are further explored in this paper.

Biology
Understanding evolutionary hypotheses for depression and anxiety

Name of Scholar
Vedika Handa

About the Scholar
Vedika Handa is a student at the Indian High school, Dubai. This paper was prepared by Vedika as a part of her course work for LS190 - Introduction to College Level Research course at Allegheny College during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Ronald Mumme
B.S., University of South Florida; Ph.D., University of California (Berkeley)

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
Depression and anxiety are illnesses of modernity and valuable adaptations of the past. Reviewing the evolutionary theories allows us to understand the adaptive advantages of the symptoms of depression and anxiety and how it benefits survival and evolutionary fitness.
Thus, an evolutionary perspective proposes that psychiatry should consider disorders and disabilities in new ways. Natural selection has shaped the complexity of the human brain, including normal functioning and the possibility for dysfunctions, during evolutionary time. Reviewing the adaptive advantages of these disorders does not imply that they are necessary and useful in our modern environments. Depression still is one of the leading causes of deaths; 700,000 people die annually and it is estimated to affect 3.8% of the population worldwide (World Health Organization 2021). Finding a cure for these disorders may not be a prime focus for the future but minimizing negative interactions with our modern environment could be one of the future avenues of research. In conclusion, understanding the evolutionary origins of mental disorders is essential for a thorough understanding of the problem and its possible solutions.

Biology
Understanding evolutionary hypotheses for depression and anxiety

Computer Science
Ethical Perspective on the use of ChatBots in Mental health Support

Name of Scholar
Khushi Tekriwal

About the Scholar
Khushi Tekriwal is a student at La Martiniere for Girls, India. This paper was
prepared by Khushi as a part of her coursework for LS190 - Introduction to College Level Research course at Allegheny College during fall 2021.


Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
(WHO) states that depression is a common illness which is now worldwide wherein almost 264 million people were diagnosed suffering from Depression out of which around 800,000 people die due to suicide every year. To reduce this continuously increasing void in human beings, the tech world came up with the idea to use chatbots as therapy bots. Artificial Intelligence companies have developed chatbots that can be integrated with mobile applications.
Over the last decade, there has been an explosion of digital interventions that aim to either supplement or replace face-to-face mental health services. More recently, several automated conversational agents have also been made available, which respond to users in ways that mirror a real-life interaction. What are the social and ethical concerns that arise from these advances?
In this article, from the perspective of healthcare professional ethics, we discuss the strengths and limitations of using chatbots in mental health support. We also outline what we consider to be minimum ethical standards for these platforms, including issues surrounding privacy and confidentiality, and review the ELIZA chatbot, which aimed at tricking its users into
believing that they were having a conversation with a real human being.

Psychology
How Emotion Regulation Influences Decision Making while Trading (high-risk) Stocks

Name of Scholar
Ria Raghu

About the Scholar
Ria Raghu is a student at National Public School, Bangalore, India. This paper was prepared by Ria as a part of her course work for LS190 - Introduction to College Level Research course at Allegheny College during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Aimee Knupsky
Director, Undergraduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities B.A., Muskingum College; M.S., Ph.D., University of New Mexico

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
It is well established that emotions play a key role in human social and economic decision making. People evaluate objective features of alternatives such as expected return subjectively. Emotions are understood to influence these subjective evaluations. In this paper, I will explore how emotions and emotion regulation strategies affect an individual while trading in (high-risk) stocks.

Psychology
How Emotion Regulation Influences Decision Making while Trading (high-risk) Stocks

Psychology
How emotion regulation and emotion regulation strategies can help the victims to cope with bullying?

Name of Scholar
Anushka Modi

About the Scholar
Anushka Modi is a student currently pursuing her Bachelor's degree in Commerce . This paper was prepared by Anushka as a part of her coursework for LS190 - Introduction to College Level Research course at Allegheny College during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Aimee Knupsky
Director, Undergraduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities B.A., Muskingum College; M.S., Ph.D., University of New Mexico

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
Emotion regulation refers to a process by which individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them and how they experience and express their feelings. Emotion regulation can be automatic or controlled, conscious or unconscious and may have effects at one or more points in the emotion producing process. This paper focuses on how emotion regulation and its strategies can help the victims to cope with bullying by laying the framework of two chief modals. Subsequent potential areas for further research on this topic are also mentioned.

Psychology
How can Emotion Regulation help consumers avoid cognitive biases when exposed to
personalized products (The IKEA Effect)?

Name of Scholar
Adithya Nair

About the Scholar
Adithya.B.Nair is a student at Trivandrum International School (India).
This paper was prepared by Adithya as a part of his coursework for LS190 - Introduction to College Level Research course at Allegheny College during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Aimee Knupsky
Director, Undergraduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities B.A., Muskingum College; M.S., Ph.D., University of New Mexico

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
My research question- How can Emotion Regulation help consumers avoid cognitive biases when exposed to personalized products (The IKEA Effect)? This question is answered by using the above-mentioned strategies to regulate our emotions in different situations. The "Fallacy of Uniform Efficacy" mentioned in Bonanno and Burton's article serves as another reason why we need a robust repertoire. A person's ability to control their emotions is more effective when they have a larger range of strategies to use. Often, individuals will use several strategies to regulate their emotions effectively, so knowing which strategies to use in what situation is very important. The IKEA effect has been a part of many customers' lives and it has cost them a lot. A simple issue like the IKEA effect should not be looked down upon and it should be avoided by customers to maintain a healthy experience when they shop for products. The emotion regulation strategies are effective and could potentially save customers their money.

Psychology
How can Emotion Regulation help consumers avoid cognitive biases when exposed to
personalized products (The IKEA Effect)?

Economics
Is Cryptocurrency a Bubble with special emphasis on India?

Name of Scholar
Ansh Gupta

About the Scholar
Ansh Gupta is a student at St. Columba’s School, New Delhi, India. He has
immense interest in finance, behavioural economics and human psychology in
decision-making. This paper was prepared by Ansh as a part of his course work
for LS190 - Introduction to College Level Research course at Allegheny College
during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Michael Michaelides
Assistant Professor of Economics B.A., University of Essex; M.S., London School of Economics and Political Science; M.A., Virginia Tech; Ph.D., Virginia Tech

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
2020 and 2021 have been unusual years, not only for medical sciences but also for
the world economy. A financial instrument that gained a huge momentum recently is
cryptocurrency. This research paper analyses the mass hysteria that has developed
among the Indian population, especially during March and April of 2021. As we take
lessons from previous financial crisis, like 2008 Housing Bubble and the 1637 Tulip
Bubble, cryptocurrency bubble seems like a plausible event. Poignant factors
contributing to this bubble speculation are misinformation, asymmetric information,
herding behavior, and disposition effect. The Kindleberger-Minsky model has been the
basis for observing this behaviour. This model talks about the common pattern in
financial bubble formation and the paper explains how relevant it is today in the Indian
cryptocurrency market. Primary data from the Indian population has been collected to
show the existence of asymmetric and misinformation. The final part of the research
paper talks about the regulation of cryptocurrency. A number of recommendations
have been presented to curb this potential financial threat to the economy.

Physics / Core Concepts
Analyzing bio-chemical samples using EPR
Spectroscopy

Name of Scholar
Dhruv Sadani

About the Scholar
Dhruv Sadani is a student at La Martiniere For Boys, Kolkata,
India. This paper was prepared by Dhruv as a part of his course work for LS190 -
Introduction to College Level Research course at Allegheny College during summer
2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Doros Petasis
Professor, Physics
B.S., Indiana University; Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University
B.S., Indiana University; Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
EPR is a “something for everyone” spectroscopy: practical and useful EPR applications on
biomolecules and models can range from very simple to very involved experiments and analyses.
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, also known as electron spin resonance
spectroscopy, provides detailed information about the electronic structure of metal centers with
unpaired electrons and interactions with neighboring nuclear or electron spins. Samples may be in
fluid solution or solid state.
The research paper focuses on examining and analyzing 5 different bio-chemical samples, thereby
making observations about it and its electronic structure with the help of EPR signals and their
respective g-values. The g-values help us predict the structure of the compound as well as the
nature of the unpaired electron .In case of hyper- fine structures, nuclear spins are also calculated
for the samples. In essence, EPR is a very important technique giving us a great deal of information
about the spin state of ions, the nature of ligands that surround the chemical sample, the interaction
of the ions with the lattice, among others.

Physics / Core Concepts
Analyzing bio-chemical samples using EPR
Spectroscopy

Psychology
How Emotion Regulation and Emotion Regulation Strategies Influence
Attention During Driving

Name of Scholar
Sana Dalal

About the Scholar
Sana Dalal is a student at Gundecha Education Academy, Mumbai, India. This paper
was prepared by Sana as a part of her course work for LS190 – Introduction to College Level Research course at
Allegheny College during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Aimee Knupsky
Associate Professor, Psychology
Director, Undergraduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities
B.A., Muskingum College; M.S., Ph.D., University of New Mexico
Director, Undergraduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities
B.A., Muskingum College; M.S., Ph.D., University of New Mexico

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
Emotion regulation refers to our efforts to influence emotions in ways we think will increase the chance
that they will be helpful rather than harmful. This paper focuses on how emotion regulation and emotion
regulation strategies influence attention during driving by the help of the Process Model by James J. Gross and
the Regulatory Flexibility Model by Bonanno and Burton. Using the previously mentioned models, this paper
illustrates certain strategies that could be used to effectively regulate emotion during driving.

Environmental Science & Sustainability
Evaluating Temperature Trends: Is July 2021 in Chandigarh warmer than Average?

Name of Scholar
Saanvi Singla

About the Scholar
Saanvi Singla is a student at Vivek High School, Chandigarh, India. This research project was
undertaken by Saanvi as part of her undergraduate coursework for Environmental Sciences and
Sustainability under the guidance of Prof. Eric Pallant at Allegheny College.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Eric Pallant
Professor, Chair, Environmental Science & Sustainability
B.A., Wesleyan University; M.F.S., Yale University; Ph.D., Cornell University
B.A., Wesleyan University; M.F.S., Yale University; Ph.D., Cornell University

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
The planet’s climate has gone rogue with intense heat waves in one zone to raging storms in
another. The magnitude of the problem has compelled individuals to take immediate action for
awareness. This study analyses the temperature trends in July 2021 in Chandigarh, India. It aims
to determine if even Chandigarh, one of the greenest cities in India, is challenged by climate
change. Our methodology consisted of a statistical evaluation of July temperature data for the
past 13 years to test this hypothesis.

Environmental Science & Sustainability
Evaluating Temperature Trends: Is July 2021 in Chandigarh warmer than Average?

Physics / Astronomy
Spectacular ultraviolet flash may finally explain how white dwarfs explode.

Name of Scholar
Mehul Jangir
About the Scholar
Mehul Jangir is a student at Jayshree Periwal, International School India. This paper was prepared by Mehul as a part of his course work for PHYS121 course at Allegheny College during summer 2020.


Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary
White dwarfs are stars that have burnt up all of the hydrogen they once used as fuel. The inward push of gravity is balanced by electron degeneracy pressure. Fusion in a white dwarf’s core produces outwards pressure, which is balanced by the inward push of gravity due to the star’s mass. A type Ia supernova occurs when a white dwarf in a binary star system goes over the Chandrashekhar limit due to accreting mass from or a merger with its companion star.

Economics
“How has behavioural economics (nudge marketing more specifically) influenced online electronic purchase behaviours?”

Name of Scholar
Krithi Raghavan

About the Scholar
Krithi Raghavan is a student at Candor International school, India.
This paper was prepared by Krithi Raghavan as a part of her course work for LS190 -
Introduction to College Level Research course at Allegheny College during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Michael Michaelides
Assistant Professor of Economics B.A., University of Essex; M.S., London School of Economics and Political Science; M.A., Virginia Tech; Ph.D., Virginia Tech

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
This paper evaluates the impact that the knowledge of nudge theory, digital nudging, and
the study of behavioural economics, has had on understanding e-commerce consumer
behaviour. Owing to the pandemic, and other conveniences of online shopping being
made more aware of, the global increase in online shopping rose by 24.1% from $3.46
trillion to a stooping $4.29 trillion (young, 2021). This numerically provides evidence of the
relevance that study in this area might provide. Humans are considered to have a few
inherent biases/ hindrances that make them less rational. Against the assumptions of
neoclassical economics which assumes complete consumer rationality, cognitive
limitations constrain human judgement and choice, people occasionally make choices that
are against their own interests and people are often altruistic. This study delves into the
understanding of various biases or heuristics that producers/firms use to create nudges
and influence consumer behaviour. Availability, representativeness, and anchoring and
adjustment heuristics are the specific biases discussed in this paper.

Economics
“How has behavioural economics (nudge marketing more specifically) influenced online electronic purchase behaviours?”

Economics
Government imposing a ban/tax on the demerit goods- alcohol, cigarettes and e-cigarettes

Name of Scholar
Raghav Dadhich

About the Scholar
Raghav Dadhich is a student at Jayshree Periwal International School,
Jaipur, India. This paper was prepared by Raghav as part of his course work for LS190-
Introduction to College Level Research Course at Allegheny College during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Michael Michaelides
Assistant Professor of Economics B.A., University of Essex; M.S., London School of Economics and Political Science; M.A., Virginia Tech; Ph.D., Virginia Tech

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary
Imposing a tax or ban on the demerit goods helps the government to stop the negative
externalities of consumption which results in lower death rate in the country by which mortality
rate decreases. A demerit good is a good which generates negative externalities and over
consumed or are produced by market forces. In the research paper I mainly focused on the
countries which imposed a ban or a high rate tax on the production and consumption of alcohol,
cigarettes and e-cigarettes.

Physics / Core Concepts
EPR spectroscopy of free radicals and proteins: Effect of solvents on EPR spectra.

Name of Scholar
Chahit Jain

About the Scholar
Chahit Jain is a student at The Heritage School, Kolkata, India. This paper was
prepared by Chahit as a part of his course work for LS190 - Introduction to College Level Research
course at Allegheny College during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Doros Petasis
Professor, Physics
B.S., Indiana University; Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University
B.S., Indiana University; Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
Electron Paramagnetic resonance or electron spin resonance is a versatile and analytical
technique that allows us to study different types of samples: inorganic, biological, free radicals, etc., in
different states (solid, frozen solution,etc.), at different temperatures and gives us information about
each sample such as the identification of the metal, the effect of solvents on biological samples and the
presence of hyperfine structure to characterize paramagnetic centers in bioinorganic, organic, and
inorganic materials and molecules. These measurements are enabled with the help of paramagnetic
species, such as organic free radicals and ions, electronically excited states, and metal-ligand
compounds, some of which with biological importance. The EPR spectral analysis of DPPH (at room
temperature), dry myoglobin, myoglobin in H2O & glycerol (at 77K), and MnCl2 / H2O were recorded
at Professor Doros Petasis’s Lab at Allegheny College. The effects of solvents on the EPR absorption
spectrum have been discussed and analyzed by comparing the spectrum of myoglobin in varying
solvent.

Physics / Core Concepts
EPR spectroscopy of free radicals and proteins: Effect of solvents on EPR spectra.

Economics
Overall Growth index

Name of Scholar
Aryan Chordia

About the Scholar
Aryan Chordia is a student at Neerja Modi School, India. This paper was
prepared by Aryan as a part of his course work for LS190 -Introduction to College Level Research
course at Allegheny College during summer 2021. As an entrepreneurship, finance, and economics
enthusiast, Aryan has a special love in policy making and brings a sense of humour to every team.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Michael Michaelides
Assistant Professor of Economics B.A., University of Essex; M.S., London School of Economics and Political Science; M.A., Virginia Tech; Ph.D., Virginia Tech

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary
The paper tests an overall index which includes majority all the aspects of growth
referred to as “pillars in an economy” these include (1) Healthcare (2) Education (3) Social factors
and (4) Economic factors. The paper considered 13 indicators in the specified pillars and then used
them to create metric for countries to judge by providing a score on the basis of data provided in the
indicator which works as grading system. The paper then analyses and calculates score for India and
USA and discuss their sub- sector score and overall score.

Environmental Science & Sustainability
Trend in Temperature: Is July 2021 in Jaipur warmer than
average?

Name of Scholar
Pakin Pongpaiboon

About the Scholar
Pakin Pongpaiboon is a student at Neerja Modi School, Jaipur,
India. This paper was prepared by Pakin as a part of his coursework for LS-190
Introduction to College Level Research course at Allegheny College during summer
2021

Name of Faculty
Prof. Eric Pallant
Professor, Chair, Environmental Science & Sustainability
B.A., Wesleyan University; M.F.S., Yale University; Ph.D., Cornell University
B.A., Wesleyan University; M.F.S., Yale University; Ph.D., Cornell University

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
Global warming is a phenomenon with worldwide impacts and consequences. IPCC and
various other internationally reputable organisations have provided evidence in support
of warming temperature trends(IPCC 5th assessment report;IPCC 2014:47;NOAA
Global climate change indicators,NASA GISTEMPv4)). However, most research on
temperature changes are based on large scale measurements of countries,continents
and global variations. The present research investigates the trend in temperatures in a
single city: Jaipur(26° 55' N 75° 52' E) by analysing temperature variation within a single
month (July) as well as the variation in pattern of temperature in July over a period of
eleven years using first hand measurements as well as database averages. The
findings of this study would help contextualize the variations of temperature within a city
to changes of global temperature trend to answer the question: Is July temperature in
Jaipur warmer than the average? The results demonstrate a cooling trend in July
temperature over the period of eleven years and a cooling pattern of July temperature in
2021. Our work suggests that variation in temperature over a short time period is not
definite and without a predictable pattern and the cooling temperature trend calls for
further research to assess the implications of anthropogenic aerosols on Indian
monsoon and other possible explanations of the observed trends in temperature.

Environmental Science & Sustainability
Trend in Temperature: Is July 2021 in Jaipur warmer than
average?

Psychology
Building an Effective Emotion Regulation Repertoire: An Arts and Humanities Perspective

Name of Scholar
Lavanya Maheshwari

About the Scholar
Lavanya Maheshwari is a student at Neerja Modi School, Jaipur, India. This paper
was prepared by Lavanya as a part of her course work for LS190 - Introduction to College Level
Research course at Allegheny College during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Aimee Knupsky
Associate Professor, Psychology
Director, Undergraduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities
B.A., Muskingum College; M.S., Ph.D., University of New Mexico
Director, Undergraduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities
B.A., Muskingum College; M.S., Ph.D., University of New Mexico

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
Emotion regulation (ER) refers to the process through with people manage various components
of their emotions. An effective repertoire of ER strategies helps in satisfactory emotion
regulation in diverse circumstances. Using Bonanno and Burton’s Regulatory Flexibility
model, this paper illustrates various practical ways through which a competent ER repertoire
can be built, with particular focus on the fields of arts and humanities. Other potential paths for
building a repertoire are also discussed briefly in order to guide future research.

Economics
Fiscal policy: An essential economic tool

Name of Scholar
Samah Ayana Kabir

About the Scholar
Samah Ayana Kabir is a student at Scholastica, Bangladesh. This paper was prepared
by Samah as a part of her course work for LS190 -Introduction to College Level Research course
(Economics and Finance) at Allegheny College during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Michael Michaelides
Assistant Professor of Economics B.A., University of Essex; M.S., London School of Economics and Political Science; M.A., Virginia Tech; Ph.D., Virginia Tech

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary
In this paper, the ranging effects of fiscal policy and how it affects an economy shall be discussed in an
empirical analysis. The discussion shall extend around the fiscal policy which is a policy on basis of tax
and government spending adjustments, the types of fiscal policy and how much of a vital role it plays in an
economy, and then further discuss the aggregate demand concept. There shall also be a brief analysis of the
Helicopter money and then move on to an in-depth analysis of the fiscal policy implementation according
to continents. There shall also be a discussion about the designation of fiscal stimulus in a world affected
by the novel coronavirus. Overall, it shall talk about fiscal policy, its components and complements, and its
evolution over the years.

Economics
Fiscal policy: An essential economic tool

Economics
The Gender Pay Gap

Name of Scholar
Nandita Mehta

About the Scholar
Nandita Mehta is a student at Modern School Barakhamba Road (India).
This paper was prepared by Nandita as a part of her course work for LS190 - Introduction to
College Level Research course at Allegheny College during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Michael Michaelides
Assistant Professor of Economics B.A., University of Essex; M.S., London School of Economics and Political Science; M.A., Virginia Tech; Ph.D., Virginia Tech

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
The Gender Pay Gap is one of our greatest obstacles towards the formation of an
egalitarian society. The Gender Pay Gap has wide reaching branches and extends to almost
every socio-economic dimension. From the Gender Pay Gap in the Youth Labour Force to
Land Rights for women in India, the paper explores various sides of the same coin.
Additionally, data was collected from 107 respondents to check the level of education among
high income group Indians with regard to the Gender Pay Gap. The results revealed a
distressing lack of education among a considerable number of people despite the
respondents having access to good education, technology, etc.

Physics / Core Concepts
Varying Experimental Cases of Electron
Spin Resonance (ESR)

Name of Scholar
Niketh Surapaneni

About the Scholar
Niketh Surapaneni is a student at Candor International School, Bangalore,
India. This paper was prepared as a part of his course work for LS - 190 Introduction to College
Level Research at Allegheny College during summer 2021

Name of Faculty
Prof. Doros Petasis
Professor, Physics
B.S., Indiana University; Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University
B.S., Indiana University; Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary
Electron spin resonance otherwise known as ESR is a method is a spectroscopy technique that is
used to derive certain properties in materials that specifically tend to have unpaired electrons. By
using an apparatus found in the lab of Dr. Petasis we were able to investigate the different
g-values of certain samples which were tested in various states and various different conditions.
The paper below attempts to observe each of these changes and why they have occurred (on the
ESR spectra graphs) and what their significance is. In addition, the paper concludes with some
fading thoughts on the future of electron spin resonance and as well as a final analysis to each
sample that was tested along with suitable calculations (formulas provided).

Physics / Core Concepts
Varying Experimental Cases of Electron
Spin Resonance (ESR)

Economics
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act and its
impact on poverty in India

Name of Scholar
Shreya Mehta

About the Scholar
Shreya Mehta is a student at Modern School Barakhamba Road, New
Delhi, India. This paper was prepared by Shreya as a part of her course work for LS190 -
Introduction to College Level Research course at Allegheny College during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Michael Michaelides
Assistant Professor of Economics B.A., University of Essex; M.S., London School of Economics and Political Science; M.A., Virginia Tech; Ph.D., Virginia Tech

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was launched in India to
alleviate people out of poverty by providing them with 100 days of employment. The program
has been successful in providing jobs to five crore people in comparison to any other program. It
has also empowered women by providing employment as well as to the Schedule Castes and
Schedule Tribes. It has also been successful in providing jobs to several migrant labourers during
the covid-19 lockdown in March 2020 in India. Inspite of the successfulness of the program
factors like lack of childcare facilities, delayed payments, lack of awareness etc hamper the
successfulness of the program. Thus, there has overall been a mixed response related to the
successfulness of the program.

Economics
Integrating sustainability into the Textile Supply Chain-comparing the case
of H & M and Patagonia

Name of Scholar
Prisha Poddar

About the Scholar
Prisha Poddar is a student at Neerja Modi School, Jaipur, India. This paper
was prepared by Prisha as a part of her course work for LS190 - Introduction to College Level
Research course at Allegheny College during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Michael Michaelides
Assistant Professor of Economics B.A., University of Essex; M.S., London School of Economics and Political Science; M.A., Virginia Tech; Ph.D., Virginia Tech

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary Watch Video
This paper recognises that the Textile Industry is one of the most environmentally, socially and
economically unsustainable industries in the world. Through the study of literature and industrial
practises, it suggests sustainable practises to stakeholders that can be integrated in the design, dyeing,
sourcing, production and consumption stages of the fashion supply chain. It also analyses the
implementation of these policies and insights through the case studies of two leading fashion brandsH&M and Patagonia. It is discovered that profitability-driven fast fashion brands like H&M are less
trusted by consumers and undertake the bare minimum CSR efforts mostly as a marketing gimmick,
as compared to slow fashion brands like Patagonia, who are innovators in the field of developing
sustainable business models. However, though these brands may have made strides to reduce their
environmental impact, they are still a long way from achieving socio-economic sustainability because
apparel manufacturing factories mistreat workers and often pay them salaries below the living wage.

Economics
Integrating sustainability into the Textile Supply Chain-comparing the case
of H & M and Patagonia

Physics / Core Concepts
Using EPR spectroscopy to study
biological samples

Name of Scholar
Anish Bajaj

About the Scholar
Anish Bajaj is a student at (Jayshree Periwal International School)
(India). This paper was prepared by (Anish) as a part of his course work for LS190 -
Introduction to College Level Research course at Allegheny College during summer 2021.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Doros Petasis
Professor, Physics
B.S., Indiana University; Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University
B.S., Indiana University; Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary
The current global pandemic of the respiratory disease known as COVID-19 has certainly become a persistent fear and constant part of our lives. To understand the spread of the virus and subsequently ascertain effective practices to curb the spread of the disease, it is necessary to understand the way the virus can be transported through the air in the form of aerosols. The research article provides a concise discussion of this airborne transmission in indoor environments from a physicist’s perspective and provides recommendations based on the results obtained to curb the spread of the virus.

Psychology
Evaluating a Media Representation describing the Psychology of Mathematical Anxiety

Name of Scholar
Shrawani Pal

About the Scholar
Shrawani Pal is a student at Oberoi International School, India. This paper was prepared by Shrawani as a part of her course work for PSYCH 164 course at Allegheny College during Fall 2020.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Aimee Knupsky
Associate Professor, Psychology
Director, Undergraduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities
B.A., Muskingum College; M.S., Ph.D., University of New Mexico
Director, Undergraduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities
B.A., Muskingum College; M.S., Ph.D., University of New Mexico

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary
The media example that will be evaluated in this paper is a TED-Ed animated video on YouTube. The video explores the question, ‘Why do people get so anxious about Math?’ by describing the concepts of working memory, metacognition and providing solutions. It has been found that people suffering from math anxiety do not experience decrements in performance simply due to mathematical incompetence (Ashcraft and Kirk 225). The video tries to convince students that it’s not poor math skills resulting in anxiety but actually vice-versa.

Psychology
Evaluating a Media Representation describing the Psychology of Mathematical Anxiety

Physics / Astronomy
DRACO and FORNAX to help examine Self-Interacting Dark Matter and Cold Dark Matter.

Name of Scholar
Vasu Sharma

About the Scholar
Vasu Sharma is a student at SelaQui International School, India. This paper was prepared by Vasu as a part of his course work for PHYS121 course at Allegheny College during Summer 2020.


Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary
Dark matter composes 27% of our Universe (which is more than ordinary matter). Unlike ordinary matter, dark matter does not absorb, reflect or emit light, which is why its properties, behavior and nature is still a mystery to humanity. Dark matter is usually studied through one type of its particles: Cold Dark Matter (CDM).

Physics / Core Concepts
Understanding the Physics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in an Indoor Environment

Name of Scholar
Siddhant Arora

About the Scholar
Siddhant Arora is a student at Manav Rachna International School , India. This paper was prepared by Siddhant as a part of his course work for PHYS 110 course at Allegheny College during Fall 2020.

Name of Faculty
Prof. Doros Petasis
Professor, Physics
B.S., Indiana University; Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University
B.S., Indiana University; Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University

Name of College
Allegheny College
Summary
The current global pandemic of the respiratory disease known as COVID-19 has certainly become a persistent fear and constant part of our lives. To understand the spread of the virus and subsequently ascertain effective practices to curb the spread of the disease, it is necessary to understand the way the virus can be transported through the air in the form of aerosols. The research article provides a concise discussion of this airborne transmission in indoor environments from a physicist’s perspective and provides recommendations based on the results obtained to curb the spread of the virus.

Physics / Core Concepts
Understanding the Physics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in an Indoor Environment
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